In the Bittensor ecosystem, holders of tao may stake to a validator in a subnet. This takes on two flavors:

• Root stake : Staking to a validator in subnet 0, the root subnet.
• Alpha Stake: Staking to a validator in a subnet, exchanging your tao for alpha token.

Each epoch, the emissions to each validator on a (non root) subnet will be split into root and alpha proportions using the root_proportion value.

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How we got here:

Subnet Emission tao and alpha

Distribution of alpha_out to participants

Emissions for Validators

Emission for Parent/Child Hotkeys

Calculating root proportion

`Root proportion uses 3 values:

• tao issued: The circulating supply of tao.
• alpha issued: The sum of alpha_in and alpha_out (all alpha emitted)
• Tao_weight: a variable set by the chain. The current tao_weight is 0.18.

Root proportion will change every block, as the tao and alpha values will have increased (by 1 and 2 respectively). The results can be charted over time:

The chart will vary on the amount of tao available at the moment the subnet is created. The above chart shows day 0 = 9 million tao.

On day 0 of the subnet, 100% of emission will go to root stakeholders.

50% root: 50% alpha is met at approximately day 124.

In this second chart, the yellow/green subnet is created 100 days after the blue/red subnet (9,720,000 tao, and 0 alpha for the 2nd subnet):

50% proportion is reached at day 136 of the subnet.

Next steps

Stakeholder Emissions: Root

Stakeholder Emissions: Alpha