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Where we are — step 6a of the emission flow

How we got here:

1. TAO emission — TAO split across subnets.
2. Alpha emission — each subnet mints alpha_in + alpha_out.
3. Split alpha_out among participants — owner / miners / validators.
4. Parent / child hotkeys — aggregate each validator's dividends.
5. Root vs alpha split — divide dividends into root and alpha.

This page (step 6a): distribute the root share to stakeholders.

Stakeholders on root place their delegation of tao on a root validator.

• For every subnet the validator is active: stakeholders will earn a proportion of the rewards.
• Root staking will have lower returns over time, as stakeholder emission is split between alpha and root stakeholders (see Emissions: Root vs. Alpha Stake
• Every block, root dividends are sold from alpha to tao. Since Root Reborn (mainnet, spec_version 441) they are not auto-compounded onto your root stake — instead they are re-bought across your validator's basket and held until you make a manual claim_root. See Root Validator Baskets.

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Pre- dTao analogy

Pre-dTao, staking was done to a validator.

• Rewards were earned across all subnets the validator was active.

dTao: this is staking to a validator on root.

Calculating Root Emission

Step 1: The validator take is removed from the root emission and awarded to the validator's hotkey. The validator's emission can either be swapped to root, or staked as alpha on the subnet.

Step 2: The total root tao for stakeholders is divided as a weighted average amongst all stakeholders based on the amount of root stake and added to their hotkey.

What's next

This is the final step of the emission flow — the root share has reached stakeholders. Under Root Reborn these rewards accrue to your validator's basket and are realized on a manual claim_root; see Root Validator Baskets and Staking in dTao. See also the parallel path, Stakeholder emissions: alpha.